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J. FROLICH VALVE.

No. 436,578. Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

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VALVE.

No. 436,578. Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

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5 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. FROLIGH (No Model.)

VALVE.

No. 436,578. Patented Sept. 16. 1890.

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No. 436,578. Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

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VALVE;

No.,436,578. Patented Sept. 16, 18190.

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UNITED STATESu PATENT OEE-ICE.

J ULIUS FRLICH, OF BARMEN, GERMANY.

VALVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,578, dated September 16, 1890.

Application iiled December 29, 188B. Serial No. 294,951. (No model.)

To all whom it mag/concern.-

Be it known that I, JULIUS FRLICH, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at Barmen, n the Kingdom of Prussia, Germ an Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Valves for the Distribution of Motive Fluids in'Motors and Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in valves for distributing the motive fluid in motor engines and pumps, which valves are moved positively by the piston-rod or crankshaft only at the beginning ofl the stroke, while further movement of the said distributing slide-valves required for entirely opening the passage is produced by pistons on which the motive fluid acts. be adjusted to act as a constant or variable cut-off, and this valve can also be used in pumps for conveying elastic or non-elastic iiuids.

The invention consists in the construction and combination of parts and details, as will be fully described hereinafter, and finally pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figurel is a longitudinal elevation of the valves `at the opposite end of a piston and the variable cut` off having mechanism for regulating the same. 'Fig.2is a longitudinal horizontal sectional view of the same. Figs. 2 and 2b represent parts of Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view on the line a b of Fig. 2. Fig. 4. isa diagrammatic view showing the manner of setting the variable cut-off by means ot' the governor. Fig. 5 shows the same arrangement as Fig. 1 as arranged when working the fluids, having aconstant expansion. Fig. 6 represents a slide-valve governing both ends of the cylinder constructed according to my improvement. Fig. 7 shows a vertical longitudinal sectional view showing the substitution of a piston-valve in place of the slide-valve in Fig. G. Fig. 8 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the slide-valve of Fig. 6 as arranged for a variable expansion. Fig. 9 is a plan view ofthe construction shown in Fig. 8. Fig. l0 is a detail sectional view of the cam and valve shown in Fig. 9. Fig. ll is a vertical longitudinal sectional View of the slide-valves governing both ends of the cyl- The valves can 'also' inder as arranged for non-elastic tluids. Fig. l2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a distributing device for pumps for elastic iiuids with separate auxiliary valves. Fig. 13 is a side elevation of a valve-gear for pumps having separate distributing slide valves for each end of the cylinder, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 5. Fig. le is a horizontal sectional view thereof. Fig. l5 is a transverse sectional view thereof on the line a b of Fig. 14; and Fig. 16 is a detail sectional view of one of the valves, showing a modified construction.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. v

The valve-cylinders a are connected with each end of the motive cylinder a by the inlet-passage f, which valve cylinders a are connected by the outlet-passages f with the exhaust-pipe. (Not shown.) Each valve-cylinder a contains a distributing-valve c, the stem of which is connected with the crosspiece d of a sleeve d2, into which the elongations c of the piston-rod c can reciprocate.

The elongations c of the piston-rod are provided with heads o2, that can strike against the closed outer ends of the sleeves d2. The opposite cross-pieces d are connected by the rods d. Each valve-cylinder a also contains a piston g, having a piston-rod g2, on the opposite end of which a piston g is mounted, upon which the steam can act, which steam is conducted from the cylinder a or from the inlet-channel f through the pipe 7?. into the cylinder g8 of said piston g. (See Fig. 2a.) The movement of the distributing-valve during that stroke is as follows: As shown in Fig.

5, the left-hand end of the motive cylinder ctwhile traveling from right to left passes the end of the channel h', the live-steam. passes through the said channel h into the small cylinder g3, and acting on the piston g presses the same and the cut-olf piston-valve g, con- 'lhe steam continues to pass IOO nected therewith, to the right and in contact with the steam-valve e, and thus shuts off the live steam from the main cylinder a. Near pipe or channel.

the end of the stroke of the piston from right to left the right-hand head c2 of the piston-rod elongation c strikes against the right-hand cross-bar CZ and by means of the connectingrods CZ, moves both valves e positively from right to left. Thereby at the ri ght-hand end of the cylinder CZ the channel h2 is cut off from the exhaust, and by means of the channel 71,3 said channel h2 is connected with the live-steam inlet. The live steam now acts on the righthand end of the slide-valve e and moves the same to the eXtreme position toward the left, whereby the right end of the cylinder c is connected by the channel f with the exhaust At the left-hand end of the main cylinder a the left-hand end of the slide-valve e is connected by the channel h2 with the exhaust-outlet, and the live steam, acting at the same time on the right-hand end of the slide-valve e, moves the same toward the left until the exhaust-channel f is completely opened, and so on. In order to adapt this valve movement for an adjustable cutoff, the channel h', which conducts steam into the' small cut-off valve-cylinder g5, is not connected with the main cylinder a, but with the live-steam inlet-channel f. In an extension of each cylinder g3, a cock Z is arranged, which has an L-shaped bore, which cocks can be turned from the main shaft by gearing in the proportion of one to two, and whenever said cocks are turned from the main shaft the live steam can be cut off. The two cocks are connected by ya spindle Z, having spiral grooves, and on said spindle the toothed wheel 7c is mounted loosely, and is engaged by a barrel-pinion 7c mounted on the shaft k2, which is driven from the crank-shaft of the engine in any suitable manner. By adjusting or shifting the toothed wheel 7c on the spindle Z in the direction of its length the cut-olf can be changed at will. Vhen the gearing for driving the spindle Z is arranged in the proportion of one to two, which is sufcient to turn the spindle Z one hundred and eighty degrees for adjusting the cocks, so that the steam is not cut ofi", the live steam passes into the main cylinder a throughout the entire stroke.

In place of a spindle having spiral grooves a spindle having a longitudinal groove can be used, and in that case the wheels 7c 7o must have screw-teeth. The wheel 7c is adjusted by means of the screw-spindle o, Fig. l, which carries a nut n, having two arms m embracing the wheel 7c. The spindle 0 can be turned by means of a hand-wheel, as shown in Fig. l; or it can be connected with the well-known governor, as shown in Fig. 4.

When the engine is to be reversed, the valves e are reversed by means of the handlever p while the engine is in motion.

VAs Vshown in Fig. 6, the rods for moving the valves can be operated from the extensions as shown in Fig. 7, or as aslide-valve, asV

shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 7 shows a valve constructed for a uniform cut-off and Fig. 8 for an adjustable cut-off. In the construction shown in Fig. 7 the rod for operating the valve is moved in the same manner as shown in Fig. G-that is to say, it moves in the in-4 verse direction of the movement of the piston in the main cylinder c.

Fig. 6 shows a piston at the end of its stroke from left to right, the slide-valve e having been moved from right to left. The motive fluid now passes through the channel h to the right-hand end of the piston in the valvecylinder, and the valve e is moved still farther from right to left until the channels f are entirely open. Vhen the piston in the cylinder a has been moved so far to the left that the channel h is connected with the right-hand end of the main cylinder a, the live steam passes vu p through said channel ZL and acts on the right-hand piston g', whereby the cut-off valve g, connected therewith, is moved to the left until it rests against the valve e and closes the channel f, thus cutting off the steam and preventing a further passage of steam through the right-hand channelfto the right-hand end of the cylinder. Near the end of the stroke from right to left the valve e is moved from left to right and automatically opens the channel f for admitting steam into the left-hand end of the main cylinder a. If the cut-oif is to be made adjustable, the valve c is provided with ltwo channels h4, as shown in Fig. 8, which can be connected by the channels h5 with the exhaustchannel. Thereby a double pistonvalve g2 is actuated, which closes the steaminlet. The connection of the channel h5 with the eXh aust-channel is acco mplished by means said shaft Z2 a sleeve Z is mounted, that is provided with spiral projections that can act on the valve-stems and press the same inward, thereby opening said valves. The shaft Z2, and with it the sleeve Z, is turned from the main crank-shaft in any suitable manner, and said sleeve Z is provided with two collars, between which the prongs of a fork r are mounted, which fork is controlled by the governor and transmits longitudinal movement to the sleeve Z, thus shifting the same on the rotative shaft Z. During the movement of the piston in the main cylinder a from left to right the slide-valve e is :moved from right to left. When the piston in the main cylinder a arrives at the end of its stroke, the valve e has slightly opened the right-hand channel f, so that the iiuid behind the lefthand end of the valve e can escape, and as the iuid at the right-hand end of the valve e has greater pressure it forces the valve e from right to left, whereby the channels f are opened and the right-hand end of the main cylinder a is brought in communication with the steam-inlet and the left-hand end. is brought in communication with the exhaust-outlet. When the valves arev in this position, the channel h4 is in communication with the channel h5, so that the motive fluid behind the double slidevalve g2 can escape at the time that the` valve t" is opened. Thereby the valve e can be moved from right to left and the channel f2 closed. This valvegear has the advantage that itV is well adapted for pumps, as shown in Figs. 1l to 16. Figs. 13, 14, and 15 show the valve-gear for pumping elastic fluids. When the piston b is at the extreme right-hand position in the main cylinder (t, the inlet-channels f are closed, and consequently as the piston moves toward the left vthe air in the right-hand end of the cylinder becomes rarefied, and at the same time also becomes rareied in the space behind the slidevalve e', as this space is connected by the channels h2 and f with the main cylinder a. As the space behind the valve e2 is connected `with the compression-chamber, the greater pressure acting on the right-hand slide-valve e moves it from left to right until the channel fis opened, and thereby the4 right-hand end ot' the main cylinder a is connected with the air or any other fluid that is to be compressed. During this time the charge of the left-hand end of the cylinder is being compressed until the pressure in the compression-chamber is reached. If the iiuid is compressed still more, the greater pressure acting on the piston e forces the valve e from left to right, and thereby the inlet-pipe is closed and the left-hand end of the main cylinder a is brought in communication with the compressionchamber. The space in which the outer piston-valve e Works is connected by the channel h2 with the main cylinder, and the space in which the inner piston-valve e2 works is connected by the channel h3 with the compression-chamber3 and the valves must be made of such size that the difference in vsize in favor of the outer one is such that when the desired degree of coinpression has been obtained the pressure on the outer piston-valve will be sufficient to overcome the friction and to move the left-hand slide-valve e from left to right, and thus bring theleft-hand end of the main cylinderctin communication with the com pression-chamber. During the latter part of the movement of the piston in the main cylinder both pistonvalves e are moved from right to left by means of the head c2 and the rods d, and thereby at the left-hand end of the main cylinder the channel f is'disconnected from the compression-chamber and at the right-hand end. the channel fis disconnected from the inlet-channel f. So as to equalize the pressure in both cylinder ends after a stroke the slide-valves e are provided with the channels h6, which by means of the channels hl produce this equalization of pressure. This arrangement can be modified by providing for the piston-valves e e2 ot' different sizes the plunger-piston e4, Fig. 16, at the inner end and solid pistons e5 at the outer end. The rods d for positively moving the Valves are then connected with the plunger-pistons or their extensions s, whereas the automatic movement is obtained by fluids passing through the channel h3, which channel at the beginning of the compression-stroke connects the space behind the piston e2 with the compressed fluid in the cylinder and at the beginning of the suction-stroke creates rarefaction of air.

The pumps can be constructed with a single slide-valve Jfor both ends of the cylinderas is, for example, shown in Fig. 11, which shows a construction of this kind for pumps used for pumping non-elastic fluids. The rods d are moved in the same directionas the piston-rod of the main cylinder. When the piston in the main cylinder' moves from lett to right, the slide-valve e moves from left to right, and when the stroke is' completed is in such posit-ion as to close both channels f. If the piston now moves to the left, the space behind the right-hand piston e', which is connected by the channel h with the right-hand end of the main cylinder, is balanced, whereas at the same time a greater pressure is provided behind the left-hand piston e. Thereby the valve is brought into its eXtreme righthand position, and the right-hand end of the main cylinder a is connected by the channel f with the suction-pipe and the left-hand end with the compression or stand pipe. Near the end of the stroke from right to left the rods d are again actuated by one of the heads on the piston-rod, and the slide-valve e is moved from right to left until the channels f are closed.

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In order to decrease the blows of the piston-valves as much as possible, the channels h are provided with cocks t2, by means of which the channels h2 can be throttled, as desired. Vhen reversed, this construction can be used for water-motors. In this case the mechanism for positively moving the valves must be so arranged as to move reversely to the pistonfor example, by means of alever, as shown in Fig. G; For pumps for elastic fluids a double slide-valve g3, Fig. l2, is used, which valve g3 is moved by a fluid conducted by suitable channels into the spacebehind said Valve, and the mechanism for positively moving the slide-valve must in this instance also move in the direction of the piston. At the end of the stroke both channels f are closed, and when the piston in the main cylinder moves toward the left the right-hand pistonvalve e is balanced, Whereas the pressure on the left-hand piston-valve c is increased, and thereby the slide-valve is moved to the right, so that the right-hand half of the main cylinder 'is brought in communication with the suction-pipe. During this time the left-hand end of the main cylinder is disconnected from the compression-chamber by the double slidevalve g3. As soon as the duid in the left-hand end of the main cylinder has the desired highest pressure the double slide-valve is `moved from right to left by the increased pressure in the space behind the piston, and thus the connection made between the cylinder and the compression-chamber. Near the end of the stroke the slide-valve is moved positively in the same direction with the main piston until the channels f are closed. At the same time the double slide-valve g3 strikes against the projection t, whereby the same is moved back and closes the channel f2. For the purpose of equalizing the pressure at the end of the stroke the channels h6 and 717 have been provided.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent'- 1. The combination, with a main cylinder and a piston therein, of one or more valvecylinders connected with said main cylinder by channels for the fluid acting on or acted v upon by the piston in the main cylinder,

valves in said valve cylinder or cylinders, cut-off pistons in said valve-cylinders, means for operating said cut-off pistons by the fluid in the main cylinder, and mechanism operated from the piston-rod of the main cylinder for positively shifting the valves in the valvecylinders, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a main cylinder and a piston therein, of one or more valvecylinders connected by channels with the `main cylinder, valves in said valve-cylinders, cut-off pistons in said valve-cylinders, pistons connected with the cut-off pistons, chambers in which said pistons connected with the cut-off pistons can work, channels connecting the cylinder or its inlet-channels with said chambers for the pistons, and means for positively shifting the valves in the valve-cylinder from the piston-rod of the piston in the main cylinder, substantially'as set forth.

3. The combination, with a main cylinder and a piston therein, of one or more valvecylinders connected by channels with the main cylinder, valves in said valve-cylinders, cut-oit pistons in said valve-cylinders,operating-pistons connected with said cut-off pistons, chambers in which the operating-pistons Work, channels for admitting steam into thel chambers of the operating-pistons, .cocks for closing said channels leading to the chambers of the operating-pistons,'and means for adjusting said cocks from the movable parts of the machine, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with a main cylinder and a piston therein, of one or more valve-I cylinders connected by channels with the main cylinder, valves in said valve-cylinders, cut-off pistons in said valve-cylinders, operating-pistons connected with said cut-oft pistons, chambers in which the operating-pistons work, channels for admitting steam into the chambers of the operating-pistons, cocks for closingv said channels leading to the chambers of the operating-pistons, a spirally-grooved shaft connected with the cocks, a wheel mounted loosely on said shaft and having its hub engaged with the spiral ribs on the shaft, a barrel-pinion engaging said toothed Wheel, and means for rotating the barrel-pinion from the movable parts of the machine, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a main cylinder and a piston therein, of one or more valvecylinders connected by channels with the main cylinder, valves in said cylinders, cutoff pistons in said valve-cylinders, operatingpistons connected with said cut-off pistons, chambers in which the operating-pistons Work, channels for admitting steam into the chambers of the operating-pistons, cocks for closing said channels leading to the chambers of the operating-pistons, a spirallygrooved shaft connected with the cocks, a wheel mounted loosely on said shaft and havshaft, a barrel-pinion engaging said toothed 'Wheel, means for rotating the barrel-pinion from the movable parts of the machine, and means for shifting the toothed wheel lengthwise on the spirally-ribbed spindle, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, wit-h a main cylinder and a piston therein, of a piston-rod .projecting from both ends of the cylinder, a sleeve mounted loosely on each end of the pistonrod, a cross-bar connected with each sleeve, rods connecting the cross-bars, one or more valve-cylinders connected by channels with the main cylinder, a valve in each valvecylinder, which valves are connected with the cross-bars of the sleeves on the main pistonrod, a cut-off valve in each valve-cylinder, and means for operating said cut-off valves by live steam, substantially as set forth.

'7. The combination, with a main cylinder and a piston therein, of one or more valvecylinders connected with the main cylinder, a steam-controlling valve in each valve-cylinder, a cut-off valve in each valve-cylinder, means for operating the cut-off valves by live steam, and means for conducting the live steam from the main cylinder to said means for operating the cut-off valve, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JULIUS FROLICH.

Witnesses:

CARL KRGER, HERMANN KOEPPEN.

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